Defensive driving basics: anticipate, don't react

Defensive driving is not about driving slowly. It is about seeing problems early and leaving yourself room to deal with them calmly. Drivers who do this brake less, accelerate less, and usually score higher in Road Rank.

Expect mistakes

Assume that the car at the junction might pull out, the parked car might open its door, and the cyclist might swerve around a pothole. You do not need to be anxious, just ready.

Keep space all around you

• In front: at least two seconds in good conditions, more in bad weather.
• Behind: if someone is following too close, increase your gap to the car in front so you can slow gently.
• To the sides: avoid sitting in other drivers’ blind spots, and do not drive alongside large trucks for longer than you need to.

Space is time, and time lets you respond smoothly instead of suddenly.

Scan, don’t stare

Move your eyes regularly: far ahead, near ahead, mirrors, and back again. Check junctions, driveways and pavements. The earlier you see something, the gentler your response can be.

Make yourself predictable

Signal in good time. Hold a steady speed and lane position. Avoid sudden changes. When other drivers can read what you plan to do, they are far less likely to surprise you.

Manage speed for what you can see

Drive at a speed that lets you stop in the distance you can see is clear. On a bend, near a school, or in fog, that might be well below the limit.

Stay calm

Aggressive drivers, tailgaters and people who cut in are frustrating. Let them go. Matching their behaviour only increases risk. Ease off, let them pass and keep your own drive calm.

Remove distractions

Set your navigation, music and Road Rank before you set off. Put the phone in a mount and leave it there.

Plan for fatigue and weather

Tiredness slows reactions as much as alcohol can. Take regular breaks on long drives. In rain, fog or ice, leave much more space and slow down. See driving in the rain.

See it in your data

Defensive driving shows up in your numbers: fewer hard-braking events, fewer quick accelerations and a steadier score. Watch your weekly trend in Road Rank to see your habits change.